Several types of thin film transistor liquid crystal displays
TN
TN+film (Twisted Nematic + film) is the most common type, mainly due to the low price and diversity of the product. On modern TN-type panels, the response time of pixels is fast enough to significantly reduce the problem of image sticking. The response time is even fast in terms of specifications. However, this traditional response time is a standard set by ISO. It only defines the conversion time from all black to all white, but does not mean the conversion time between gray scales. The transition times between gray levels (which are actually more frequent transitions for normal LCDs) are longer than defined by ISO. The RTC-OD (Response Time Compensation-Overdrive) technology currently used allows manufacturers to effectively reduce the conversion time between different gray scales (G2G). However, the response time defined by ISO has not actually changed. Response time is now represented by G2G (Gray To Gray) numbers, such as 4ms and 2ms, which are commonplace on TN+Film products. This market strategy, with lower-cost TN panels compared to VA panels, is already leading the trend of TN in the consumer market.
TN-type displays suffer from viewing angle limitations, especially in the vertical direction, and most of them cannot display the 16.7 million colors (24-bit true colors) output by current graphics cards. Through a special method, RGB three colors use 6 bits as 8 bits. It uses a reduction method that combines adjacent pixels to approach 24-bits colors to simulate the required grayscale. Some people also use FRC (frame Rate Control)
For LCD displays, the actual transmittance of pixels generally does not change linearly with the applied voltage.
In addition, B-TN (Best TN) is developed by Samsung Electronics. Improve TN color and response time.
STN
STN liquid crystal (Super-twisted nematic display) is the abbreviation of super twisted nematic liquid crystal. After the invention of TN liquid crystal, people naturally thought of matrixing TN liquid crystal to display complex graphics. Compared with TN liquid crystal, which is twisted by 90 degrees, STN liquid crystal is twisted by 180 degrees to 270 degrees. In the early 1990s, color STN liquid crystals came out. One pixel of this liquid crystal is composed of three liquid crystal units, covered with a layer of color filters, and the brightness of the liquid crystal units is controlled by voltage to produce colors.
VA
CPA (Continuous Pinwheel Alignment) was developed by Sharp. High color reproduction, low output and high price.
MVA (Multi-domain Vertical Alignment) was developed by Fujitsu in 1998 as a compromise solution between TN and IPS. At the time, it had fast pixel response, wide viewing angles and high contrast, but at the expense of brightness and color reproduction. Analysts predict that MVA technology will dominate the entire mainstream market, but TN has this advantage. Mainly because of the higher cost of MVA and the slower pixel response (it will increase significantly when the brightness changes slightly).
P-MVA (Premium MVA) is developed by AU Optronics to improve the viewing angle and response time of MVA.
A-MVA (Advanced MVA) is developed by AU Optronics.
S-MVA (Super MVA) is developed by Chi Mei Electronics.
PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) is developed by Samsung Electronics. Although the company calls it the best contrasting technology at present, it also has the same problems as MVA.
S-PVA (Super PVA) is developed by Samsung Electronics to improve PVA viewing angle and response time.
C-PVA is developed by Samsung Electronics.
IPS
IPS (In-Plane Switching) was developed by Hitachi in 1996 to improve the poor viewing angle and color reproduction of TN panels. This improvement has increased the response time. Its initial level is 50ms. The cost of IPS-type panels is also extremely expensive.
S-IPS (Super IPS) not only has the advantages of IPS technology, but also improves the pixel update time. The color reproducibility is closer to CRTs and the price is lower, but the contrast is still very poor. Currently, S-IPS is only used on larger displays for professional purposes.
Super PLS
PLS (Plane to Line Switching) is developed by Samsung Electronics. In addition to amazing viewing angles, it can also improve screen brightness by 10%. The manufacturing cost is also 15% less than IPS. Currently, the resolution provided is up to WXGA (1280×800), MacBook Pro with Retina Part of the display uses the display produced by Samsung (with a resolution of up to 2880×1800), while the rest still uses IPS displays. The main objects of use will be concentrated on smartphones and tablets, which have been mass-produced in 2011.
ASV
Sharp has developed ASV (Advanced Super-V) technology to improve the viewing angle problem of TFT.
FFS
Modern electronics uses FFS (Fringe Field Switching) technology. FFS technology is an advanced extension of IPS (In Plane Switching) wide viewing angle technology and has the characteristics of low power consumption, high brightness and so on. FFS can be extended to AFFS+ (Advanced FFS +) and HFFS (High aperture FFS) technology. AFFS+ has a visible function in the sun.
OCB
OCB (Optical Compensated Birefringence) is a technology of Japan's Panasonic.
ANNA